The pancreas produces pancreatic juice, rich in enzymes, to break down and subsequently digest food.If the pancreatic ducts are blocked, the enzymes produced slow down and begin to break down the organ itself, leading to inflammation and pancreatitis.In the modern world, pancreatitis is a common disease.A person who leads an unhealthy lifestyle is more susceptible to the disease than others: he smokes, abuses alcohol and eats unhealthy food.The causes of the disease are different:
- Drinking alcohol.
- Poor nutrition, overeating.
- Abdominal injuries.
- Infectious diseases of the digestive system.
- Gallstone disease.
- parasites.
- Taking certain medications and allergic reactions.
- Complication after surgery (approximately 5%).
It is necessary to eliminate the factors affecting the development of the disease.In special cases, when pancreatitis is the result of an injury or other disease, for example, gallstones, a cure is possible.
Basic nutrition in pancreatitis
Unfortunately, it is often impossible to be completely cured, but there are likely chances to stop the destruction of the pancreas and try to reduce recurrences.Nutrition in pancreatitis of the pancreas is of great importance.The acute condition is relieved by medication;the main thing remains dietary nutrition.
The main principle of nutrition in pancreatitis is not to burden the pancreas.Try to reduce enzyme production.Food should be easily digestible without causing fermentation.You should eat often, in small portions.A smaller portion means less burden on the diseased organ.During an exacerbation, frequent separate feeding is excluded.The less and less often a person eats, the better.Meal breaks reach 12 hours.In pancreatitis, food with a warm, soft consistency is welcome.
It is important for the patient with pancreatitis to study in detail what should not be consumed categorically, what foods should be avoided during pancreatitis and what foods are allowed to be eaten.
Allowed products
- Dry bread or biscuits.
- Dietary meat: lean beef, rabbit, white part of chicken and turkey.
- Dairy products: milk, low-acid cottage cheese and yogurt.It is necessary to monitor the fat content of the product.Cottage cheese no more than 2%, preferably low-fat.It is recommended to exclude fermented baked milk, sour cream and cream.
- Lean fish.Preferably cod.
- Cereals and all kinds of pasta.
- Vegetables that do not cause strong gas formation.Carrots, potatoes, beets, pumpkin, zucchini.
- Fruits: extremely green apples, pears, bananas, avocados, persimmons.It is recommended to bake fruits.
- Weak teas, compotes of dried fruits or berries.
Prohibited products
- Alcohol.Even low-alcohol drinks will have to be completely excluded during the diet!
- Chocolate, sugar, desserts, cakes, pastries, baked goods and other products containing a lot of sugar.
- Pork and red fish.
- Spices, salt, smoked meats.
- Fermenting vegetables: white cabbage, radishes, onions, garlic, spinach, radishes.
- Fruits: grapes, red apples, citrus fruits, peaches, plums.
- Coffee, strong black or green tea, cocoa, carbonated drinks, packaged juice.
- Cereals and cereals: millet, pearl barley, corn.
- Legumes, mushrooms, nuts.
During the period of remission, light relaxations are allowed.For example, it is acceptable to drink weak coffee with milk.For dressing, use low-fat sour cream, olive oil or linseed oil.
Soups that stimulate gastric secretion are not recommended for pancreatitis.However, outside of exacerbation, it is allowed to eat soups with vegetable broths.A spoonful of honey for dessert won't hurt.
Despite the limited variety of food products for pancreatitis, a well-developed menu makes the diet diverse.
Type of pancreatitis and nutrition
Pancreatitis is classified according to the nature of the disease:
- Acute pancreatitis.
- Chronic pancreatitis.
Depending on the type, an appropriate treatment and diet is prescribed, which is developed by the doctor.
Acute pancreatitis is treated in a hospital setting.This is a serious condition and can be fatal without immediate medical attention.In addition to the surgical intervention performed, the following conditions must be observed in acute pancreatitis:
- Bed rest.
- Suppression of pancreatic function.
- Drug treatment.
- Starvation diet.
During an exacerbation of pancreatitis, fasting is indicated.The fasting diet can last up to three days.A person should drink 1.5-2 liters of liquid - mineral water will do, the gas should be released, weak black or green tea or rosehip infusion, only clean water.If the patient's condition is severe, then fasting is extended to seven days, nutrients are delivered intravenously.
The diet for acute pancreatitis immediately after fasting should be sparing.Oatmeal, slimy soups and boiled rice are allowed.The main rule during an exacerbation is that food is introduced gradually.In the first days, the food is low-calorie, slimy and does not irritate the gastrointestinal tract.Volume and calorie content increase as recovery progresses.
After the acute phase, the disease becomes chronic.Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by mild inflammation and intermittent pain.Attacks are triggered by drinking alcohol and irritating foods.
To prevent frequent relapses and reduce pain, the pancreatic pancreatitis diet should remain lifelong.The diet should contain proteins of plant and animal origin.But the amount of fat is reduced to the limit.Be careful with carbs.The diet for chronic pancreatitis is carefully developed, so that despite the meager allowed list of foods, the patient receives the necessary nutrients.In addition, vitamins may be prescribed.
Therapeutic diet for pancreatitis
How to eat properly during pancreatitis so as not to harm the pancreas?
Soviet doctors also developed a special therapeutic diet for patients with pancreatitis.It's called Pevzner's Diet No. 5.And although dietary therapy has changed over the years, therapeutic nutrition for pancreatitis is still based on diet No. 5. In case of exacerbation, Pevzner's diet No. 5 is prescribed.
The diet for chronic pancreatitis is quite diverse.Diet No. 5 allows milk sausages and doctor's sausage.Although given modern realities, it is better to refuse sausages.If you like, try making your own sausages.First, before dietary food becomes a habit, it is better to create a menu for the week and buy the necessary products according to the list.You should avoid unnecessary trips to the store, anticipating the possibility of buying a prohibited product.
Weekly menu for pancreatitis
first day:
- Breakfast: Finely ground oats, boil until viscous.Weak green tea.
- Snack: yogurt.
- Lunch: Mashed potatoes with steamed turkey cutlets, berry compote.
- Snack: Baked green apple.
- Dinner: Pumpkin porridge with semolina, weak black tea.
- Before going to bed: Low-fat cottage cheese.
Second day:
- Breakfast: steamed or baked omelette, rosehip infusion.
- Snack: Boiled carrots with a minimum amount of oil.
- Lunch: Vegetable soup-puree.Crackers.Add a spoonful of vegetable oil.Dried fruit compote.
- Snack: Sandwich with cheese, weak green tea.
- Dinner: Boiled cauliflower, steamed fish fillet.Top with 10% sour cream.
- Before going to bed: Yogurt.
Third day:
- Breakfast: rice porridge with milk, boiled rice, milk diluted with water.Weak black tea.
- Snack: Cottage cheese casserole prepared with semolina.Add a spoonful of honey.
- Lunch: pasta and steamed lean beef meatballs.Dried fruit compote.
- Snack: Baked pear.
- Dinner: buckwheat milk soup.green tea.
- Before going to bed: Yogurt.
Fourth day:
- Breakfast: oatmeal, black tea.
- Snack: Boiled or roasted beets.
- Lunch: Vegetable stew with steamed chicken fillet, rose hips.
- Snack: lean bread, jelly.
- Dinner: Milk noodle soup.
- Before going to bed: Kefir.
Day five:
- Breakfast: steamed omelette, black tea.It is convenient to cook an omelet in a bag.Pour the raw mixture into a food bag, tie it and place it in boiling water.The omelet will cook much faster than steam without losing its properties.
- Snack: yogurt.
- Lunch: Vegetable soup with meatballs (meatballs are prepared separately), compote.
- Snack: Sandwich with butter and avocado, rose hip.
- Dinner: buckwheat with steamed cutlets, jelly.
- Before going to bed: low-fat cottage cheese.
Sixth day:
- Breakfast: semolina porridge boiled in water, weak coffee with milk.
- Snack: green apple fruit jelly.
- Lunch: Pumpkin puree soup, you can add a little milk, compote.
- Snack: yogurt.
- Dinner: Rice with turkey or chicken fillet, rose hips.
- Before going to bed: Fruit jelly.
Seventh day:
- Breakfast: Buckwheat milk soup.Milk is preferably diluted.
- Snack: banana.
- Lunch: vermicelli, steamed rabbit cutlets, compote.
- Snack: Cottage cheese casserole, a spoonful of honey.
- Dinner: steamed vegetables, tea.
- Before going to bed: Yogurt.
An approximate menu for chronic pancreatitis is described;it is possible to diversify the list with permitted products.The main thing is to comply with the conditions:
- It is recommended to eat foods from the region where you live.Exotic fruits and vegetables are not good for you;they are delivered to the stores green.
- Compotes are prepared from dried fruits with the addition of fruits: cranberries, blueberries, black currants.It is not allowed to drink fruit juice very often.Remember - the concentration of the drink is higher than the compote and can irritate the mucous membranes.
- Products subjected to heat treatment must be boiled or steamed.Vegetables and fruits are consumed exclusively in boiled form.
- Products for pancreatitis should be fresh and of high quality.The body of a healthy person is able to cope with sour cottage cheese or weekly soup.Such a diet during inflammation of the pancreas will lead to an exacerbation of the disease.
Weekly menu for pancreatitis after exacerbation
After an exacerbation, it is necessary to carefully introduce foods, starting with a small amount of calories, gradually increasing to normal.The food in the first week is bad.After eating, you should monitor your condition;if it worsens, definitely consult a doctor.
The first day after fasting:
- Dried bread and jelly.
- Continue to drink plenty of fluids.
Second day:
- Runny rice soup.
- Dry bread or biscuits.
- Weak black tea, rosehip infusion, jelly.
- Continue to drink plenty of fluids.
Third day:
- Breakfast: porridge, thin, greasy consistency, boiled in water.
- Lunch: Liquid mashed potatoes.
- Dinner: Crackers.Weak black tea or rosehip tea.
Fourth day:
- Breakfast: semolina porridge on water.
- Lunch: Liquid mashed potatoes.
- Dinner: Biscuits.Sour.
Day five:
- Breakfast: Buckwheat milk soup.
- Lunch: Vegetable puree of potatoes and carrots.
- Dinner: Biscuits.compote.
Sixth day:
- Breakfast: Protein omelette.
- Lunch: Slimy rice soup.
- Dinner: Pumpkin and zucchini vegetable puree.black tea.
Seventh day:
- Breakfast: oatmeal cooked with diluted milk.
- Lunch: Vegetable stew, steamed turkey meatball.
- Dinner: Low-fat cottage cheese.green tea.
- Before bed: oatmeal jelly.
- Gradually, over 10-14 days, return to the main diet.
Consequences of not following the diet
If a person ignores his condition and does not observe proper nutrition during pancreatitis, such behavior is fraught with constant exacerbations.Chronic relapsing pancreatitis is a dangerous condition of the pancreas.Constantly progressing disease increases the area of cell damage, leads to complete atrophy of the organ and the development of concomitant diseases - cholecystitis, peptic ulcer, threatening diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
The diet of patients with pancreatitis is the basis for a long and quality life.